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Presidente da Coreia do Sul decreta lei marcial; população protesta

Parlamento do país foi fechado e atividades políticas estão proibidas; líder diz que medida busca proteger território de "forças comunistas"

Início Mundo
O presidente da Coreia do Sul, Yoon Suk Yeol, fez um discurso ao vivo para todo o país:
O presidente da Coreia do Sul, Yoon Suk Yeol, fez um discurso ao vivo para todo o país: "Para salvaguardar uma Coreia do Sul liberal das ameaças representadas pelas forças comunistas da Coreia do Norte e eliminar elementos antiestado...Eu declaro lei marcial de emergência" - (crédito: Anthony Wallace/AFP)

O presidente da Coreia do Sul, Yoon Suk Yeol, impôs lei marcial de emergência nesta terça-feira (3/12) para proteger o país de "forças comunistas". O parlamento do país está fechado e atividades políticas proibidas até segunda ordem. 

  • Police stand guard in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    Police stand guard in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • People gather in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 4, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    People gather in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 4, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • People gather in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 4, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    People gather in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 4, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Soldiers try to enter the National Assembly in Seoul on December 4, 2024, after South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, accusing the opposition of being
    Soldiers try to enter the National Assembly in Seoul on December 4, 2024, after South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, accusing the opposition of being "anti-state forces intent on overthrowing the regime" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by YONHAP / AFP) / - South Korea OUT / NO ARCHIVES - RESTRICTED TO SUBSCRIPTION USE JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • A man looks out from behind a police line outside the National Assembly in Seoul on December 4, 2024, after South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    A man looks out from behind a police line outside the National Assembly in Seoul on December 4, 2024, after South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by ANTHONY WALLACE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • A man looks out from behind a police line outside the National Assembly in Seoul on December 4, 2024, after South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    A man looks out from behind a police line outside the National Assembly in Seoul on December 4, 2024, after South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by ANTHONY WALLACE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Police stand guard in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    Police stand guard in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    Police attempt to hold back people trying to enter the National Assembly in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 3, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • People gather in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 4, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    People gather in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 4, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • People gather in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 4, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from
    People gather in front of the main gate of the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on December 4, 2024, after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, saying the step was necessary to protect the country from "communist forces" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by JUNG YEON-JE / AFP) JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • Soldiers try to enter the National Assembly in Seoul on December 4, 2024, after South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, accusing the opposition of being
    Soldiers try to enter the National Assembly in Seoul on December 4, 2024, after South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declared emergency martial law. South Koreas President Yoon Suk Yeol on December 3 declared emergency martial law, accusing the opposition of being "anti-state forces intent on overthrowing the regime" amid parliamentary wrangling over a budget bill. (Photo by YONHAP / AFP) / - South Korea OUT / NO ARCHIVES - RESTRICTED TO SUBSCRIPTION USE JUNG YEON-JE / AFP
  • População toma as ruas da Coreia do Sul, após a decretação de lei marcial pelo presidente
    População toma as ruas da Coreia do Sul, após a decretação de lei marcial pelo presidente Anthony Wallace/AFP
  • Um homem observa o presidente da Coreia do Sul, Yoon Suk Yeol, falar durante um noticiário transmitido pela televisão em uma estação de trem em Seul em 3 de dezembro de 2024, depois que ele declarou lei marcial de emergência, dizendo que a medida era necessária para proteger o país de
    Um homem observa o presidente da Coreia do Sul, Yoon Suk Yeol, falar durante um noticiário transmitido pela televisão em uma estação de trem em Seul em 3 de dezembro de 2024, depois que ele declarou lei marcial de emergência, dizendo que a medida era necessária para proteger o país de "forças comunistas" em meio a disputas parlamentares sobre um projeto de lei orçamentária. "Para salvaguardar uma Coreia do Sul liberal das ameaças representadas pelas forças comunistas da Coreia do Norte e eliminar elementos antiestado... Eu declaro lei marcial de emergência", disse Yoon em um discurso televisionado ao vivo para a nação. Anthony Wallace/AFP

Segundo Yoon, a medida foi decretada "para salvaguardar uma Coreia do Sul liberal das ameaças representadas pelas forças comunistas da Coreia do Norte e eliminar elementos antiestatais".

Semelhante ao estado de sítio no Brasil, a lei marcial proíbe atividades políticas, coloca veículos de imprensa sob controle do Estado e ordena que médicos em greve voltem ao trabalho em até 48 horas. 

Segundo a lei sul-coreana, a lei marcial pode ser decretada com a finalidade de "cumprir a necessidade militar ou manter a segurança e a ordem públicas" em casos em que a ordem social estiver perturbada. O decreto vale para "tempos de guerra, incidente ou outra emergência nacional equivalente".

A lei marcial foi anunciada após o Partido Democrata, de oposição, aprovar projeto de lei de redução orçamentária no comitê parlamentar de orçamento e apresenta moções de impeachment contra um auditor estadual e o promotor-chefe.

Luta pela democracia

Embora tenha se tornado um modelo de democracia oriental em contraponto com a vizinha Coreia do Norte, a Coreia do Sul tem uma história permeada pela militarização e domínio estadunidense. Após a Guerra da Coreia, na década de 1950, o território nasce como uma vitrine do capitalismo na Ásia sob forte comando militar dos Estados Unidos.

Após a saída dos militares, o país continua a ser dominado por representações norte-americanas. Em 1960, após uma revolução que tirou os EUA do poder, a Coreia do Sul ensaia uma transição democrática, quando é novamente dominada por um regime ditatorial.

As eleições diretas no país só ocorreram em 1987, semelhante ao Brasil, que teve o primeiro pleito nacional pós-ditadura militar, em 1989.

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Gabriella Braz
postado em 03/12/2024 12:57 / atualizado em 03/12/2024 17:12
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